Seminar
2022: Liberty
How has the idea of liberty developed and evolved over the centuries? What does the concept mean for us today and what do we need to do in order to preserve the freedoms for which generations of men and women fought and even gave their lives?
In the 2022 Engelsberg Seminar we aimed to search for the origins of Western liberty in religion, and in the ancient world. We discussed the tension within the Christian doctrine of ‘living as free persons’, we studied the Roman world of slavery and Spartacus’ post-mortem odyssey from runaway slave to Hollywood star. We considered the contesting ideas of liberty from Athens to the Far East, how liberty was manifested in Renaissance art and its incarnations in empire and nations. Is liberty in our cultural or biological DNA?
We examined the role of art and politics in the Parisian world of decadence and counterculture and how technology and ideology in 1970s California would revolutionise what it means to be human. The men and women of the 20th century wanted to break free. It is therefore ironic that the freedoms won by the baby boom generation are being questioned today by their grandchildren. The culture war is real.
We concluded the Engelsberg Seminar by examining the geopolitical realities challenging the liberal West and the world as we know it. Witnessing Ukrainian soldiers showing that courage is indeed ‘the secret of liberty’, and confronted by enemies threatening nuclear Armageddon, the West has rediscovered its purpose and resolve. Will it be enough to avoid an authoritarian world order? And will Western values endure? Only one thing is certain: Freedom is not free.
Contributors
Origins of Western Liberty
Richard Chartres: The Christian Roots of Western Notions of Freedoms
Crossbench member of the House of Lords, Honorary Fellow of Trinity College, University of Cambridge
Richard Miles: Spartacus and the Endless March of Liberty
Vice-Provost and Professor of Roman History and Archaeology, University of Sydney
Mark J. Schiefsky: Democracy and Liberty in Ancient Greece
Professor of the Classics, Harvard University, Director of Harvard’s Center for Hellenic Studies
Jessica Frazier: A Global History of Liberty
Dr, Lecturer in Theology and Religion, Trinity College, University of Oxford
The Quest for Liberty
Alexander Lee: Art and Liberty in Renaissance Venice
Dr, Fellow of Centre for the Study of the Renaissance, University of Warwick
Jeremy Jennings: Liberty in the Shadow of Napoleon Bonaparte
Professor of Political Theory, King’s College London, Visiting Professor, University of Buckingham
Christopher Coker: Marathon Revisited: Is Freedom in our Biological or Cultural DNA?
Professor, Director of LSE IDEAS, London School of Economics and Political Science
Margaret MacMillan: Liberty and Nationalism
Professor of History, University of Toronto and Emeritus Professor of International History, University of Oxford
Breaking Free
Marie Kawthar Daouda: Will Freedom Make us True?
Dr, French Language and Literature at Oriel College, University of Oxford
Agnès C. Poirier: Libération
Journalist, writer and broadcaster
Francis Gavin: Liberty and History – Reflections on California in the 1970s
Professor, Director, Henry A. Kissinger Center for Global Affairs, Johns Hopkins University, SAIS
Alexander McCall Smith: Being Free to Write
Writer, former Professor of Medical Law, University of Edinburgh
The Meaning of Liberty
Fraser Nelson: Ten Years on the Front Line of the Culture War
Editor of The Spectator, occasional columnist, Svenska Dagbladet
Merryn Somerset Webb: Negligence and Profusion: What Adam Smith Got Right (and Wrong) About Other People’s Money
Editor in chief of MoneyWeek Magazine, Financial Times
Kemi Badenoch: Trying to Turn the Tide
UK Minister of State, Member of Parliament, Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities
Creating the Free World
Brendan Simms: British Freedoms, ‘German Liberty’ and ‘the Liberties of Europe’
Professor in the History of International Relations, Director of the Centre of Geopolitics, University of Cambridge
John Bew: Benevolent Hypocrisy? Making the Modern West Through Foreign Policy
Professor in History and Foreign Policy, Department of War Studies, King’s College London
Katja Hoyer: Blue Jeans and Communist Cowboys – How the West Looked From Behind the Iron Curtain
Visiting Research Fellow, King’s College London, Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, Global Opinions columnist, Washington Post
Peter Frankopan: Freedom: A Global, Modern Perspective
Professor of Global History, University of Oxford, Associate Director of the Silk Roads Programme, King’s College, University of Cambridge
One for All, All for One
Charly Salonius Pasternak: Finland & Sweden in NATO: Reluctant Allies or Defenders of Liberty?
Lead Researcher, Finnish Institute of International Affairs, Senior Research Fellow at the institute’s Global Security Programme
Mary Sarotte: NATO and the Scandinavian Strategy
Professor, Henry A. Kissinger Center for Global Affairs, Johns Hopkins University, SAIS
Janne Haaland Matláry: NATO: The Realpolitik of Values?
Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Oslo and the Norwegian Command and Staff College
Jonas Wikman: Strengthening the Security Situation in the Baltic Sea Region
Major General, Deputy Commander Joint Forces Command of the Swedish Armed Forces
Fighting for Freedom
Robert Johnson: Fighting Against All the Odds
Dr, Director of the Changing Character of War Centre, University of Oxford, Senior Research Fellow, Pembroke College
Iuliia Osmolovska: The Kremlin Style of Negotiations
Chairwoman, Transatlantic Dialogue Center, Executive Director, Eastern Europe Security Institute Ukraine
Alina Polyakova: Ukraine’s Fight for Freedom: The Case Against a New Settlement
Dr, President and CEO, Center for European Policy Analysis
Kori Schake: Maintaining Western Leadership in a Multipolar World
Dr, Director of Foreign and Defense Policy, American Enterprise Institute
An Authoritarian World Order?
Sergey Radchenko: Our Long Game with Russia
Professor, Henry A. Kissinger Center for Global Affairs, Johns Hopkins University, SAIS
Hal Brands: What if China Wins?
Professor, Henry A. Kissinger Center for Global Affairs, Johns Hopkins University, SAIS, Senior Fellow, American Enterprise Institute
Roel Sterckx: Liberty: A View From Ancient China
Professor of Chinese History and Civilization, University of Cambridge, Fellow of Clare College
Adrian Bradshaw: Building Western Deterrence Strategy
General Sir, KCB OBE DL, Senior Associate Fellow at RUSI, Visiting Professor, King’s College London
The Endurance of Western Values
Matthew Goodwin: The Universities and the Future of the West
Professor of Politics and International Relations, University of Kent
Juliet Samuel: The Enemy Within
Columnist, The Telegraph
Jesse Norman: Freedom and Responsibility
Dr, Conservative Member of Parliament since 2010